Vaccine development has several trends:

• 1 Until recently, most vaccines have been aimed at infants and children, but adolescents and adults are increasingly being targeted.
• Combinations of vaccines are becoming more common; vaccines containing five or more components are used in many parts of the world.
• New methods of administering vaccines are being developed, such as skin patches, aerosols via inhalation devices, and eating genetically engineered plants.
• Vaccines are being designed to stimulate innate immune responses, as well as adaptive.
• Attempts are being made to develop vaccines to help cure chronic infections, as opposed to preventing disease. Vaccines are being developed to defend against bioterrorist attacks such as anthrax, plague, and smallpox.

Principles that govern the immune response can now be used in tailor-made vaccines against many noninfectious human diseases, such as cancers and autoimmune disorders. 2 Factors that have impact on the trends of vaccine development include progress in translatory medicine, demographics, regulatory science, political, cultural, and social responses.2

1.Plotkin SA (2005). "Vaccines: past, present and future". Nat Med 11 (4 Suppl): S5–11. >doi:10.1038/nm1209. PMID 15812490.

2.Poland GA, Jacobson RM, Ovsyannikova IG. Trends affecting the future of vaccine development and delivery: The role of demographics, regulatory science, the anti-vaccine movement, and vaccinomics. Vaccine. 2009 May 26;27(25-26):3240-4. Epub 2009 Feb 5.PMID: 19200833